Italy is pretty hard by public transport. Best bet is to try to team up with climbers at campsites (Arco / Finale / Dolomites) otherwise hitchhiking is not impossible - try approaching people who look friendly in car parks... Arco is apparently great for cheap gear though I didn't find anything outstandingly cheap - still cheaper to buy online from the states... and after all you will spend on accommodation and travel, what's $5 here and there on gear?
Austria - Imst has some fun climbing with ok public transport (we were driving but could see the buses from the crags!) Haven't climbed elsewhere in Austria...
Slovenia - We hiked & climbed from Lake Bohinj over the mountains and via several of the crags there. Great walking, ok climbing. This is the closest to "Australian" you'll get in southern Europe - virtually untouched wilderness up there!
I love Paklenica. When climbing lime stone - expect polish!
The great thing about Paklenica is that the campsites/accommodation are all at the beach & filled with climbers. It's a 2km hike into the national park every day, but you can usually hitch a lift.
That's as far south as I have been so far... Depending on how long you plan to travel - you should be fine to balance climbing with tourism.